Bolsonaro has been detained after authorities concluded he posed a serious risk of fleeing while under home confinement.
The one-time leader was convicted of orchestrating a government overthrow in the ninth month and sentenced more than a 27-year term in incarceration, but he continued under home detention pending legal challenges.
Brazilian Supreme Court Justice the presiding justice said the decision to arrest the elderly politician was a preventative measure after fresh information emerged.
This included seeking to disable his electronic bracelet and a call for a supporters' gathering that could enable a possible escape.
In a filing authorising the arrest, Justice Moraes said information from the facility tracking his home detention suggested the former leader's aim to disable the tracking monitor to guarantee victory in his escape.
This, it said, would be "facilitated by the confusion caused by the gathering called by his child.
His son, his son Flávio, who serves as a congressional representative, called for a meeting of his followers near his father's house to take place on Saturday night.
His son wrote on social media on Friday: "Are you going to fight for your nation, or see it all from your phone there on your settee? I urge you to battle with us."
He said the vigil would be so backers could "pray for his health and for the reestablishment of democratic governance in our land."
Part of the magistrate's determination was the chance of his transfer to embassies near the home, considering that the inquiries revealed a history of planning to request asylum through a embassy office", a declaration said.
The legal document highlights that the United States embassy in the national capital, Brasilia, is located around 8 miles from the former president's residence.
The former president's legal troubles have generated frustration from fellow right-wing populist American leader Trump, leading him to implement a fifty percent tax on Brazilian product imports.
Bolsonaro is being detained in a federal law enforcement building in Brasilia and will have a custody hearing on the following day.
It was only on the previous day that the his legal team asked the Supreme Court to allow him to complete his entire prison term under house arrest, with electronic monitoring.
They also asked that Bolsonaro be permitted to exit his dwelling for medical treatment, saying he demanded regular treatment for lung conditions and other illnesses.
He was determined responsible of orchestrating a scheme aimed at maintaining his control after he failed to win the 2022 election to his ideological adversary, President Lula.
Top judicial officials said that he knew of a plot which involved plans to assassinate the current president and his vice-presidential running mate, his vice-presidential candidate, and to imprison and murder Alexandre de Moraes - the High Court judge who has been overseeing the former president's case.
The plot was stopped because it couldn't obtain the backing of the armed forces officials. Lula was took office without problem on the first day of 2023.
But a following week, on January 8th, numerous his followers stormed and vandalised official structures in the national capital, Brazil's capital.
The security forces stepped in and around approximately 1,500 persons were arrested.
The justices found that the rioters had been encouraged by him whose strategy, they said, was for the national armed forces to step in, reestablish control and bring him back to power.
At the time, Bolsonaro's lawyers called the decades-long sentence unreasonably severe".
He was also banned from seeking elected position until 2060 - eight years later after the completion of his term.
The one-time head of state called the court case a targeted investigation" and said it was intended to stop him competing in the next presidential race.
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